Despite Aid Push, Ebola Is Raging in Sierra Leone.

Gettleman, Jeffrey. "Despite Aid Push, Ebola Is Raging in Sierra Leone." The New York

Times. The New York Times, 27 Nov. 2014. Web. 28 Nov. 2014.

Despite Aid Push, Ebola is Raging in Sierra Leone

The article I read by Jeffrey Gettleman addresses the struggle to control the Ebola epidemic in Sierra Leone. It focuses on the story of Isatu Sesay, a 16 year old girl who was infected with Ebola before passing. As her condition worsened, her family called for an ambulance over 35 times. However, it wasn't until 3 days later that help arrived from the Ebola command center, less than 45 minutes away from their home in Kissi Town.  However the white van was only occupied by a suited burial team, Isatu had died that night. The article also further discusses health officials’ struggle to help the hundreds of ebola victims, and the problems that have led to failures such as this one. For instance, the care centers claim that they don’t have enough hospital beds for the 3,000 or more infected people who are looking help. Ambulances will not go to victims unless they have abed available, which is the main reason for such slow response. Officials also say that Ebola is still raging in Sierra Leone due to things going on within the city. Most of all, the secret societies which practice burial rituals are causing severe outbreaks. Despite the ABC (Avoid Bodily Contact) protocol that is being urged, such religious activities are still taking place. Many people in Sierra Leone belive, “A proper burial, in which the body is touched and carefully washed, is the best way to ensure a soul reaches its destination.” This type of contact explains the easy contagion.

This article is greatly significant to people around the world. It's important for everyone to be informed of this disease, as it is very contagious and can be fatal. In addition, if people are aware of the problems health officials are facing, perhaps outside civilians and professionals can help. It is vital that Ebola be made something known by everyone, as it has great risks which can't be ignored.

The article, "Despite Aid Push, Ebola is Raging in Sierra Leone", is very well written and does a great job at addressing both perspectives. The author included the story and opinions from civilians who have fallen victim to Ebola, but also included the argument and effort from officials working to stop this raging disease. In addition, Gettleman included direct quotes which makes this source more reliable. Finally I feel that the author used an opening that grabbed your attention, and a closing which allows the reader to make their own conclusion and opinions.

Obama to Introduce Sweeping New Controls on Ozone Emissions.

Davenport, Coral. "Obama to Introduce Sweeping New Controls on Ozone Emissions." The New York Times. The New York Times, 25 Nov. 2014. Web. 27 Nov. 2014.

http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/26/us/politics/obama-to-introduce-sweeping-new-controls-on-ozone-emissions.html?ref=science&_r=0

I read “Obama to Introduce Sweeping New Controls on Ozone Emissions”, by Coral Davenport. The article was about the new regulations that the Obama administration is planning to release on emissions of ozone. Emissions of ozone are a pollutant that can cause heart disease, asthma, and premature death. The regulations would lower the ozone pollution level from 75 parts per billion to 65 to 70 parts per billion. Many Republicans have criticized the regulations saying they are a waste of money. Industry groups also say that the regulations would be a burden on the economy and would do little to improve public health. The ozone rules that would be put into place would cause factories to install expensive technology. The Environmental Protection Agency is expected to try and pass two more Clean Air Act rules that are meant to cut greenhouse gas emissions. This would help to stop Global Warming.

These Clean Air rules could have a huge effect on society. Lowering the Ozone Emissions could help to decrease the levels of asthma, heart disease, and premature death. Unfortunately, these laws could also have a negative effect on the world. These laws would require factories to pay for expensive technology. These laws would have a negative effect on the economy. These laws would do little to effect me personally, but may keep many people I know for developing heart disease and/or asthma.

Overall, I thought this article was well written. One thing I liked about the article was how it talked about both the negative and positive effects of these laws. This shows that the article is not bias. I also liked how the article included quotes from many people who have studied the environment and the ozone. One thing I didn’t like was how the article switched to talking about greenhouse gases at the end. It seemed like the article completely switched topics. To improve this article, I would conclude this article without talking so much about greenhouse gases. In conclusion, I believe that this article was very well written.

Colin McCloskey 11/25/14

Chemistry CE 7

'Interstellar' Science: Is Wormhole Travel Possible?

By Mike wall

Is it possible to zoom through distant corners of the universe? Yes, it is. Wormholes allow rapid travel through widely separated points. Wormholes are possible according to Eienstiens theory however, it is still a question of whether we can and will enter this scientific realm. Worholes are very powerful. Holding wormholes open would require the insertion of something that anti-gravitates such as negative energy.

There was recently a movie that came out called “Interstellar.” This movie helps us explain what a wormhole is and what we are able to do with one. “Wormholes have been a staple of science fiction for decades. Interestingly, Thorne said that one of the genre's most famous titles helped inspire scientists to try to better understand the hypothetical structures.” Wormholes can take us to different galaxy’s, allowing us to explore new life and planets.

I thought this article was excellent. I was very interested to learn about what else our world has to offer. I did not know a lot about wormholes and was able to get a deep and thoughtful explanation as to what they are. I like how the author related his studies to a movie. This caught my attention even more and now I am interested in watching the film, “Interstellar.”
By Colin McCloskey

Solar and Wind Energy Start to Win on Price vs. Conventional Fuels

Cardwell, Diane. "Solar and Wind Energy Start to Win on Price vs. Conventional Fuels." The New York Times. The New York Times, 23 Nov. 2014. Web. 25 Nov. 2014. <http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/24/business/energy-environment/solar-and-wind-energy-start-to-win-on-price-vs-conventional-fuels.html?rref=science&module=ArrowsNav&contentCollection=N.Y. / Region&action=swipe&region=FixedLeft&pgtype=article>.

Solar and Wind Energy Start to Win on Price vs. Conventional Fuel

Article by Diane Cardwell

Summary:

Imagine a world where there was no coal or natural gas powering the engines and and different technology we use today, but instead everything was powered by solar and wind power. Well, this world may be closer than you think, and it just got a whole lot closer.  In the last five years, prices of solar power plants has dropped so much that it is cheaper than natural gas, or coal in some places around the US, mainly in the Great Plains and the Southwest where there is an increased amount of sunlight and wind. And although this drop in price can be slightly attributed to loans the government has been giving this industry, studies have shown that even without this extra money, alternate energy sources are expected to be able to compete with natural fuels. New sources of energy have downsides, as well, such as the fact that energy can only be produced at certain times(when the sun is shining, or the wind is blowing), and this requires a constant demand for the availability of power, just in case the amount of power being produced suddenly drops in large amounts. This results in a lot of extra spending, outside of producing the actual power. However, the fuels and gases we have been using have even worse effects. For example, they pollute the atmosphere, and are slowly destroying the ozone, which can later result in restrictions on production, and extra costs. The two things that had been holding solar power from being the dominant source of energy has been the fact that it isn’t dispatchable, which means that the plants can’t be turned on or off to cope with demand, and that it has costed too much. But now, it is cheaper, and it has much less of a negative effect on our planet, and extra costs to produce it than gas, or fuel sources, so it is on the brink of taking over for energy.

Relevance:

If the US, or even the world, were to choose solar or wind powered energy sources over fuel, or traditional sources, it would have a largely positive effect on everyone. First of all, if cars used electric power instead of fuel, the carbon emissions will take a huge step down. This would slow the process of the atmosphere and the ozone layer being destroyed, and that could help global warming improve, and the planet to last longer as a whole. Also, since solar and wind power has now been announced cheaper in some places in the US, which means that it is fully possible that it can become cheaper in the whole world as well, and who’s to say it won’t continue to decrease in price? This will save people a ton of money, because it seems like all people ever complain about is their gas prices, and if they switched over to electric power, they wouldn't even have gas prices, they would just have to charge their cars in the garage overnight.

Critique:

This was a great article, that was written amazingly. It had background information on the subject, it included great transitions words to keep the article flowing, and there were no grammatical errors that I could find, which made the article more professional, and all the more enjoying to read. Since it was such a great article, it was difficult to find anything wrong with it, but there still were a couple of things that could have been fixed. First of all, the author only mentioned what the prices of the solar and wind energy, and natural are now, but she failed to acknowledge how the prices used to compare when natural gas was cheaper. If she had included this, it could have been easier to understand how much the prices really changed. Also, there were a lot of quotes included in this article. Usually, this would be a good thing that would offer another opinion in the article, but this article had way too many. By the end, it started causing the author’s thoughts to become less and less important, and the thoughts of other to be dominant. Despite these two things, this was a great article, and I really enjoyed reading it. I was pleased to learn that in the near future, more and more people could be switching over to electric, which would help the environment in drastic ways.

European landing on a comet

Fabian Kerj

11/24/14

European landing on a comet.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/11/141111111111.htm

            This article was about the effort done by the European space agency to land on a comet. The purpose of the mission is to get a further understanding of a comet itself and its surroundings. The space craft is unmanned and has been on its way for this comet for 10 years.  In order for the craft to land on the comet it was to harpoon the comet and then pull itself in. This is because of the lack of gravitational pull. When it was reached the surface it will collect many different samples from simple rock samples to the gas surrounding the comet. There has also been concerns regarding the departure from the comet though there are no major worries. This expedition will help scientist better understand comets and their surroundings.

            This article spoke to me because during my life time there has been almost no landings anywhere. Therefore I found it interesting because it is something that does not happen every day. This expedition is also very important to humanity since there is so little know about comets. If this is successful it will bring knowledge that we did previously not know about.

            The author uses a lot of good quantitative data which helped me understand the article better in the sense of facts. Even though he used many good facts about the topic he did not explain the facts origin or were the facts came from. Overall this was a good interesting article.

Radiologists Are Reducing the Pain of Uncertainty

Kolata, Gina. "Radiologists Are Reducing the Pain of Uncertainty." The New York Times. The New York Times, 24 Nov. 2014. Web. 24 Nov. 2014. <http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/25/health/radiologists-are-reducing-the-pain-of-uncertainty.html?ref=science>.

Article: "Radiologists Are Reducing the Pain of Uncertainty"
Author: Gina Kolata

The article I read for current events was called, “Radiologists Are Reducing the Pain of Uncertainty,” by Gina Kolata. This article talked about how certain radiologists are starting to make a change in terms of when they are allowed to inform their patients. Previously, radiologists never directly told the patients what their scan had shown. They would first phone the doctor and tell him the news, and he could decide when he wanted to get the information to you. Now, certain radiologists have decided to make a change and tell the patients directly. This is a debatable topic, because although this means the patient does not have to wait very long for his/her results, the radiologist is not allowed to give advice on treatment or anything like that, so patients may not know what to do next. The news may be confusing to handle if you don’t have a doctor to tell you what to do, but most patients agree that they don’t understand why you can’t know the news right after the scan. There are no laws that say you have to provide the results directly after the scan, but many are changing their strategy and there is a positive reaction. On social media sites, there have been comments that say they like this change, and that this change was needed.

Although this article may not have direct significance to MY life, it certainly is relevant in some of the lives of people that I know. My godmother, and one of my favorite people in the world, recently was diagnosed with breast cancer. She went in for a mammogram and a biopsy, and they found cancer, but it was not until 3 weeks after the biopsy that she was told the news. She was very anxious for those two weeks, and she was always calling my mom to talk to her about what she thought the news was. Those 3 weeks made her more nervous for the news, and they made her more nervous about cancer. Also, those 3 weeks before she knew the news could have been used for treatment and curing her, but instead she just waited around. The doctors knew the news for a full 3 weeks, and they did not tell her or give her options. Now, with this revolution going on, my godmother might be able to know her results directly after her scan, and it will help treatment get started earlier, and it will stop her anxiety. I bet there are many people who have a hard time focusing on anything else until their test results come in, and it probably ruins that time for them, because they are so anxious. This change will help everyone.

I thought this author did a great job of incorporating her personal experience with facts and the experience of others. While reading this article, I felt that there was a real balance between quotes, explanations, facts, and personal opinion. There were also very few errors in terms of grammar and spelling. The article kept my attention for almost the whole time, because the writing was good, however, I thought the article was a little lengthy, and some of the information could have been excluded. It was exactly repetitive, but there was certainly some information that could have been condensed.

By Laura Holland

Spacecraft on Comet Drills for Data as Its Power Fades

The New York Times. The New York Times, 14 Nov. 2014. Web. 23 Nov. 2014. <http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/15/world/europe/spacecraft-on-comet-drills-for-data-as-its-power-fades.html?contentCollection=science&action=click&module=NextInCollection&region=Footer&pgtype=article>.

Spacecraft on Comet Drills for Data as Its Power Fades

By the Associated Press

            The ten-year project had finally come to an end on November 12, 2014 when the Philae spacecraft landed on the 67P Churyumov-Gerasimenko comet. The European space agency had been working to land the machine in order to receive data on the comet. Once the spacecraft had approached the moving comet, it had a rough landing. The machine bounced three times, before landing on an angle that could not receive sunlight to recharge the solar panels. The unchargable solar panels eventually burned out after two days on the comet, but were still able to send a limited amount of data and pictures on the composition of the comet back to Earth. After waiting 10 years for the machine to finally reach the comet and ultimately dying two days after landing, caused grief upon the scientists. Although there was not much data collected, Andrea Accomazzo, a flight director, is optimistic about the discoveries found. She says, “Let’s stop looking at things that we could have done if everything had worked properly… Let us look at things that we have done, what we have achieved and what we have on the ground. This is unique and will be unique forever.”

            The entire mission has taught society that sending astronauts into space is no longer completely necessary. Instead of sending humans, we can now send these machines, eliminating the risks of space travel. Not only have we discovered the importance of these machines, but we have learned so much in the two days on the comet. Scientist can use the information to make further discoveries about other planets and the history of the universe.

            The article by the associated press was well written and provided the reader with a great over view of the event. Although, the reader was not given details and the author had assumed that the reader already had background information on the event. In addition, the journalist did not provide many quotes that could have been useful in the interpretation of the event. Overall, the journalist presented the story well and had the advantage of writing about a tremendously exciting topic.

Core Chemistry Students Use Molecular Models to Examine the VSEPR Theory and Molecular Geometry

Core Chemistry students build molecular models to get a hands on understanding of how VSEPR influences the shape of chemical substances in three dimensions.

Drew and Thomas contemplate the structure of the methane molecule a.k.a. carbon tetrahydride.

John and Sean contemplate the structures of the water (dihydrogen oxide) and hydrogen molecules.

Spencer enters the Lewis Dot Diagram for the hydrogen molecule with Richard consulting.

Drew and Thomas move on to the nest molecule having successfully completed the methane molecule.

Eight Dead in Storm as Buffalo Braces for More Snow

Eight Dead in Storm as Buffalo Braces for More Snow

Fantz, Ashley, Ray Sanchez, Jason Hanna, Steve Almasy, Martin Savidge, and Catherine E. Shoichet. "Eight Dead in Storm as Buffalo Braces for More Snow." CNN. Cable News Network, 20 Nov. 2014. Web. 20 Nov. 2014.

For my current events article this week, I chose to read about the deadly snowstorm that occurred in Buffalo this past week.  The article I read was titled, “Eight Dead in Storm as Buffalo Braces for More Snow,” by Ray Sanchez, Ashley Frantz, and Ed Payne.  The article started off by describing the current situation in Buffalo saying, “Up to 6 feet of snow covered the streets. Abandoned cars were barely visible under snow drifts.” After the authors say this and add other powerful descriptions of the scene, they go into what the people had to go through; saying how people couldn’t get out their front doors and how people like Steve Randal got stuck in their vehicles on the road for up to five hours.  After this section of the article, the authors go into the statistics saying that the 6 feet that have already fallen has almost matched the average yearly total in Buffalo which was previously at 7 feet per year and now they are saying there could be another 3 feet on their way this coming weekend. This storm was caused not because of a cold front but something called a lake effect, in which a combination of the frigid temperature and moisture in the air cause for lots of snow.

Before reading this article, I thought that it was pretty cool how much snow they were getting but I didn’t realize how big of an issue this really was. Eight people have already died from this horrific snow storm from things like getting trapped in cars without food, to having heart attacks while shoveling. Also, because of snowdrifts, people like Chrissy Hazard of Cheektowaga, a suburb of Buffalo, were stuck in their own houses, not being able to open their front door. Known as the, “City of Good Neighbors,” the citizens of Buffalo have really responded that way, helping people in need. For example, local police and fire departments have acted as shelters for many who can’t live in their own homes because it is too dangerous. Buffalo has really come together as a community after this tragic event that costs the city lots of money. This is a very tragic event and it has really hit the city of Buffalo hard, and the nearly 6500 tons of snow that have to be shoveled out will be a big burden on the city of Buffalo.

I really liked how this article was written because it not only gave you the facts you needed to know, as a reader, but they also made good connections to real life. The three authors included statistics about the snowfall which was very interesting, but they also gave the reader an idea of what the people of Buffalo are going through, really making the article a lot more interesting.

Ebola Response in Liberia Is Hampered by Infighting

URL:  http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/20/world/africa/ebola-response-in-liberia-is-hampered-by-infighting-.html?ref=science&_r=0

Mcneil, Donald G. "Ebola Response in Liberia Is Hampered by Infighting." The New York Times. The New       York Times, 19 Nov. 2014. Web. 20 Nov. 2014.

               I read an article written by Donald McNeil, called “Ebola Response in Liberia Is Hampered by Infighting”. The article was about the problems Liberia has to keep Ebola under control. The article talks about how the officials in Liberia and donors and health agencies, have poor coordination and serious disagreements. This news is from only a few minutes at a meeting. Some problems are that families cannot find out whether their relatives in treatment are alive or dead. Also, bodies have been cremated because a larger cemetery was not yet open and, health workers sent to take temperatures sometimes lack thermometers. These are all major problems because it causes distress to families, and, in the case of the thermometers, or lack thereof, the virus might be able to spread. However, the death toll dropped from 100 a day to about 20 a day, in Liberia. This is due to less human physical contact and better supplies for healthcare workers. Another explosion is always a possibility though. A man at the meeting, Dr. De Cock, cited the still high death rate to “serious logistics problems, including regular hospitals that cannot separate out Ebola patients, counties with no ambulances…”  One last problem is that donor countries, one Asian and two European, want to build hospitals near already open hospitals, when hospitals are needed elsewhere. Dr. De Cook also said, “This has to change.”

               This article does have a big effect on people and countries. This is the first time that the disorder in Liberia has been revealed, and now countries might not want to donate to the Liberian government. It is also a problem because it will affect the spread of the virus. If the donors and Liberian officials were on the same page then they might have been able to cause a quicker stop to the movement. This will then affect the death rate. Although the deaths might seem like another person dying to a family it could ruin everything, including a source income. Finally this is important to us because US helicopters fly into remote areas with Ebola around, and they might come back to the US with Ebola due to the disorganization in Liberia.

               In the article Donald McNeil did a good job of providing good information. The article had many quotes, facts, and opinions to support the article. The author also did a good job of making the article flow. I did have an easy time moving from paragraph to paragraph. However, the sentences were worded weirdly and quite difficult to understand at times. To improve this, the author could have used simpler vocab and wrote in a more common style. Also, the author contradicted himself, he wrote about how there were all these problems in Liberia and he said that the Ebola is getting better. I would have recommended taking out the part about how they are getting better. One final improvement the author could have made is that he could have described some aspects. I did not know what he was saying sometimes because there was not a clear explanation as to what meeting the people were at.  Overall, the article was a good source of information but could have been written better.    

Rising Sea Temperatures could Destroy an Ecosystem

Nagano, Yuriko. "Growing Coral to Keep a Sea Claim Above Water." The New York Times. The New

York Times, 19 Nov. 2014. Web. 20 Nov. 2014.

<http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/19/business/energy-environment/growing-coral-to-keep-a-s

ea-claim-above-water.html?ref=science&_r=0>.

Out off the coast of Japan, there are a string of islands, holding precious ecosystems within them. One of the most famous of them is the Okinotori island. It surrounds a beautiful reef, but because of global warming, this reef has already been harmed because of the warming temperatures of the ocean. Although most of these islands are suffering from global warming, scientists have chosen to pick this island, and so far they have spent about $19 million on research. The researcher’s biggest problem is with the coral, because if the coral is hurt, then the whole ecosystem is thrown off. This is why the Japanese have chosen to focus their efforts on reproducing coral, which is a very, very challenging task to take on. Out of all of the coral they have tried to reproduce, only 20% have been successful, but researchers still believe there is a possibility to grow coral asexually, which they hope will be ultimately successful.

This article definitely raised my awareness about the problems of rising sea temperatures. Before I had read this article, I had never even heard about what the Okinotori reef was, and how important it is to protecting wildlife out off of the coast of Japan. Although there are no human inhabitants of the island, there are thousands of fish of all different kinds that would lose their homes if this reef disappears, which it could in 30 years if something is not done about the coral that is being harmed. I could never imagine that what I was doing here in Bronxville, could ultimately affect the fate of fish in Japan before I discovered this article.

I thought that overall the article was organized in a way that made the reader engaged. The article flowed easily from beginning to end, and the paragraphs were short but still included what was necessary to move the story along. In the end, the author shocked us and called the readers to act with a quote from one of the researchers on the project that said, “There may be no Okinotori island 30 years from now due to effects from global warming...We need to step up efforts to protect the reef more if we want to keep the area as Japan’s.” The only true critique I had for the author of this article was that he should only include a quote, if words can not be said better by himself.  This is because besides the quote I mentioned before, the quotes only said facts stated by a researcher that could have been compiled into one sentence by the author.

By Claire Kraemer

Viruses as a Cure

Zimmer, Carl.  “Viruses as a Cure.”  New York Times.  20 Nov 2014.  19 Nov 2014.

< http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/19/science/viruses-as-a-cure.html?_r=0>

            For my current event this month, I read Carl Zimmer’s article entitled “Viruses as a Cure.”  Zimmer discussed that our bodies have trillions of viruses, but some of them may actually have healing power.  Zimmer described research that was done by Dr. Ken Cadwell from New York University’s School of Medicine.  Dr. Cadwell was studying the microbiome, which is the community of microbes living in our bodies.  One of the microbiome’s functions is to make sure that our intestines develop normally.  In a healthy intestine, the inner wall has a thick layer of fingerlike projections called villi.  When scientists raised germ-free mice in sterile cages, their layer of intestinal villi turned out to be thin.  Germ-free mice also did not develop a normal supply of immune cells in their intestines, so they were more vulnerable to injuries and infections.  Dr. Cadwell launched an experiment and infected the germ-free mice with a virus called the murine novirus.  Even though the germ-free mice had a thin layer of intestinal villi and a lower supply of immune cells in their intestines, they developed a normal immune system and normal intestines.  He wondered if viruses can restore the intestine when it has been disturbed.  Heavy doses of antibiotics kill off much of the microbiome.  Some villi die, and the number of immune cells goes down.  But as bacteria return to the intestines, the damage is fixed.  To see whether viruses have the same effect, Dr. Cadwell gave antibiotics to normal mice for two weeks.  When the mice were then infected with murine novirus, their intestines were returned to normal. 

            I chose Carl Zimmer’s article because I was interested to learn about how viruses can have healing power.  I thought that all viruses were harmful like Ebola and influenza. It was very interesting to learn that there are some viruses that are actually healthy for your body.  This article is very significant to humanity because there are so many diseases affecting people in the world.  For people who have failing immune systems, it is important that research is being done to uncover viruses that can actually help cure them.  People in my family have suffered from diseases such as cancer and Parkinson’s disease.  It is encouraging to know that viruses may eventually help to fight these diseases and others as well.  Dr. Cadwell’s research is a step in the right direction, but he said that he does not think that people will begin taking pills full of viruses to treat immune disorders.  Everyone is different, so Dr. Cadwell said harmless viruses might turn out to be dangerous in some people.

            Carl Zimmer’s article was very well-written.  One thing he did well was that he gave an excellent summary of Dr. Cadwell’s research suggesting that there are viruses in the world that are good for you.  Zimmer also did a great job in explaining that Dr. Cadwell’s work is an important first step to begin more research.  For example, he quoted Julie K. Pfeiffer, a virologist at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, regarding the great work done by Dr. Cadwell and his colleagues.  Pfeiffer said, “They did a very good job of starting to crack that nut.”  Zimmer also included the expert opinion of David T. Pride, a microbiologist at the University of California San Diego.  Pride said that “Cadwell’s new study would spur other researchers to see if they can find similar results in humans.”  Zimmer also gave some helpful background about the microbiome and the intestines that helped me to understand the article better.  I also liked the title that Zimmer selected.  His title “Viruses as a Cure” was simple and to the point, and it caught my eye because you normally do not think of a virus as providing a cure.   As far as how Zimmer could have improved the article, the overall message of what Dr. Cadwell had concluded was clear, but I found the description of all of his research very difficult to understand.  Perhaps Zimmer could have shortened the overall description, but explained the highlights in more depth.  Zimmer also talked about different experiments that were done by Dr. Cadwell, but it was hard at times to understand how they made sense together. 

            Although this article was difficult to read, I am glad I selected it because I was happy to learn that scientists are looking for viruses in nature that can help fight diseases and provide cures.